How investigative reporting led to environmental accountability in Chile’s salt flats

In March 2024, Mongabay Latam and Ciper published a joint investigation into how a boric acid mining company that operated within protected zones of the Surire Salt Flat — a biodiversity hotspot in northern Chile — was being managed by Chile’s Environmental Superintendency.

Located in the Andes at over 4,200 meters above sea level, the Surire Salt Flat is a Natural Monument and part of the Lauca Biosphere Reserve. It serves as a critical breeding ground for three threatened flamingo species: the Andean, James’s, and Chilean flamingos.

A reporting team from Mongabay Latam and Ciper analyzed a trove of more than one million emails sent between top executives of the mining company. These emails — leaked by the Guacamaya hacker collective — spanned over a decade and revealed conversations discussing plans to relax environmental restrictions to enable mineral extraction in sensitive zones. These findings were cross-checked with official documents obtained through Chile’s transparency laws and supported by on-the-ground interviews with scientists, Indigenous leaders, and public officials.

The company in question denied all allegations, claiming Chile’s National Forest Corporation (Conaf), a state-owned, private nonprofit organization overseen by the Ministry of Agriculture, misinterpreted the law. However, the investigation found the company not only sought to reinterpret existing permits but also drafted a protocol that would have relaxed extraction limits. The protocol was never officially adopted, and Conaf later confirmed there was no legitimate agreement authorizing such changes.

Chile’s Supreme Decree 12 establishes that no extractive activities may be carried out within three kilometers of the flamingos' breeding grounds. Photo courtesy of Diego Figueroa/Migrar Photo.
Chile’s Supreme Decree 12 establishes that no extractive activities may be carried out within three kilometers of the flamingos’ breeding grounds. Photo courtesy of Diego Figueroa/Migrar Photo.

Impact

Following the report’s publication, Chilean authorities — including the Environmental Superintendency, the Ministry of the Environment, and the National Geology and Mining Service — undertook site inspections and initiated formal proceedings. An environmental court ultimately ordered the company to suspend operations at Surire, while a broader investigation into ecological damage is ongoing. Mongabay was also informed that the Environmental Superintendency is investigating whether there is any possible damage to the ecosystem.

As a result, Mongabay’s reporting not only brought public scrutiny to the alleged regulatory violations, but also spurred tangible institutional responses aimed at safeguarding a critical high-Andean wetland. This case exemplifies how independent journalism can uncover environmental wrongdoing, inform public officials, and catalyze meaningful policy enforcement.

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Banner image: The mining facilities in the Surire Salt Flat. Photo courtesy of Diego Figueroa/Migrar Photo.