Mongabay collaboration exposes leather supply chains tied to illegal deforestation

The Paraguayan Chaco is a diverse biome of dry forests, wetlands and savannas rich with wildlife that is also home to the Ayoreo Totobiegosode, the last uncontacted peoples in Latin America outside the Amazon. In 2020, an investigation by London-based NGO Earthsight exposed how the Chaco’s forests, which are being cleared faster than any other forest on earth, are often destroyed illegally by cattle ranching firms supplying leather to some of Europe’s leading car manufacturers.

Despite this news being picked up by Paraguayan and international media, the crimes largely continued unabated. Then in 2021, Mongabay partnered with Earthsight to continue investigating the issue, and over the course of multiple years, Mongabay published fresh reports and covered Earthsight’s findings, amplifying both the message and its reach. This combined and persistent effort contributed to leather being added to the draft EU deforestation regulation (EUDR), with the provision of a mandatory public list of non-compliant actors to strengthen deterrence, and the absence of a ‘green lane’ for flawed certification schemes to serve as proof of compliance.

Aerial image of the Chaco being bulldozed. Most deforestation in the region is due to cattle ranching for beef and leather. Image via Earthsight.
Aerial image of the Chaco being bulldozed. Most deforestation in the region is due to cattle ranching for beef and leather. Image via Earthsight.

As part of an external evaluation completed in 2024 on Mongabay’s reporting on tropical deforestation, Member of the European Parliament Christophe Hansen, the bill’s rapporteur, confirmed that he met with Earthsight. Advocacy NGO Fern confirmed that they used the joint investigation for their campaigning work, alongside Mongabay’s broader coverage of the policy process. Ultimately, leather was included in the final EUDR law in June 2023, spurring the European leather industry to improve traceability and due diligence mechanisms to halt its contribution to deforestation, and reduce violations of local communities’ rights.

There has also been direct impact in Paraguay: Infona – the country’s forest agency – started penalizing ranches implicated in illegalities, and it was also verified that the national private sector became a source of pressure for government action on illegal deforestation and traceability. As a result, the nation’s Ministry of Industry and Commerce has led a major effort to institute cattle traceability systems that, once implemented, have the potential to enhance transparency in the sector. The ministry has also worked with the congress to pass new legislation on country-wide traceability that was enacted in December 2023. Lastly, well-known luxury car manufacturers identified by the investigation are no longer sourcing leather from suppliers that invade Indigenous lands in the Chaco.

Overall, the collaboration between Mongabay and Earthsight highlights the value of deep-dive investigative work and sustained publishing on important topics.

Note: This impact story was among a number of case studies verified by an independent third party as part of an external evaluation of Mongabay’s tropical deforestation coverage. The evaluation was completed in mid-2024.

Black howler monkeys (Alouatta pigra), still live in some parts of the Chaco in western Paraguay. Image by Rhett A. Butler.
Black howler monkeys (Alouatta pigra), still live in some parts of the Chaco in western Paraguay. Image by Rhett A. Butler.

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Banner image: Jaguars (Panthera onca) also inhabit the Chaco and are particularly susceptible to fragmentation because of their large home ranges. Photo by Rhett A. Butler.