AI-driven reporting uncovers illegal Amazon airstrips tied to drug trafficking

In late 2024, Mongabay Latam published the groundbreaking bilingual data-driven investigation, Amazon Airstrips. Originally published in Spanish, this collaboration between Mongabay and Earth Genome with support from the Pulitzer Center detected 67 clandestine airstrips used for drug transport in the Peruvian regions of Ucayali, Huánuco and Pasco.

The analysis used artificial intelligence (AI) to visually search through satellite information and cross-reference the results with official sources and field reports. Most of these illegal airstrips are located in and around Indigenous communities, reserves for people living in voluntary isolation and forest concessions. Thirty-one runways were found to be concentrated in the province of Atalaya, which has become one of the most violent in the Peruvian Amazon.

The special report was the result of a year-long investigation that combined satellite analysis, AI modeling, drone footage, and over 60 interviews with local and official sources. Conducted under challenging conditions, this reporting was rooted in long-term relationship-building with Indigenous communities. As Mongabay Latam Program Director María Isabel Torres later noted during a presentation at San Francisco climate week, the goal was not only to expose harm, but also to amplify the voices of Indigenous peoples as defenders and leaders actively protecting the rainforest.

These findings revealed the growing overlap between drug trafficking infrastructure and Indigenous territories, prompting statements from politicians and coverage by national media outlets, as well as actions taken by Indigenous organizations and interest from government institutions in learning about the methodology used.

In Atalaya, Ucayali, the remains of chemical ingredients used for the production of cocaine are found in various areas of the forest. In this case, this waste was found near a road blocked by logs to prevent the presence of strangers. Image by Mongabay.
In Atalaya, Ucayali, the remains of chemical ingredients used for the production of cocaine are found in various areas of the forest. In this case, this waste was found near a road blocked by logs to prevent the presence of strangers. Image by Mongabay.

Impact

Amazon Airstrips inspired a range of responses across media, civil society, and government sectors. In January 2025, The Wall Street Journal published a feature titled “Start With Satellite Images of the Earth. Then Add AI,” which highlighted the use of satellite imagery and AI in journalism and began by reviewing the Mongabay team’s methodology and findings, and included an interview with the expert who developed the algorithm.

Peruvian Indigenous organizations like the Interethnic Association for the Development of the Peruvian Amazon (Aidesep), which brings together Indigenous peoples from all over the Peruvian Amazon, mobilized around the findings. They used Mongabay’s research to engage the Ministry of Culture about the actions being taken in the territories of Indigenous people in isolation and first contact (PIACI) to prevent drug traffickers from attacking this group of people. Aidesep’s legal team also shared plans to build an advocacy campaign based on the findings to alert communities in Ucayali, Huánuco, and Pasco. (Mongabay previously detailed these impacts in a March 2025 impact post).

Similarly, the Indigenous Federation of Kakataibo Communities (Fenacoka), which represents the Kakataibo and Shipibo peoples of the Huanuco and Ucayali regions, indicated that they would ask the Ministry of Culture to address the problem with the Kakataibo PIACI. Fenacoka leaders said the information published by Mongabay Latam was very useful in their meetings with the authorities.

The investigation also reached political leaders like Congresswoman and secretary of the Congressional Committee on Andean, Amazonian, Afro-Peruvian Peoples, Environment, and Ecology Ruth Luque and Alberto Otárola, former Prime Minister of Peru, both of whom commented on the Amazon Airstrips special on social media.

The special also garnered widespread media attention: by the end of 2024, stories from the Amazon Airstrips investigation had been republished at least 23 times across Latin America, and numerous outlets reached out to Mongabay for interviews and data.

The investigation was also a finalist for the Gabo Foundation Awards in the Coverage Category and the Sigma Awards, and is currently a finalist for the Global Shining Light Award from the Global Investigative Journalism Network (GIJN), the Online Journalism Award for Excellence in AI Innovation, and the Future of Media Award in the United Kingdom. GIJN also named one of the articles from the series to its 2024 list of the 10 best investigations published in Spanish.

By bridging advanced AI tools with local voices, Mongabay’s reporting not only revealed the geographic spread of illegal airstrips but also sparked reaction from Indigenous leaders, government officials, international media, and civil society. The ripple effects of this coverage continued into 2025, demonstrating that rigorous, independent journalism can prompt action on some of the most urgent issues facing the Amazon.

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Banner image: An analysis by Mongabay Latam and Earth Genome found two illegal airstrips inside the Forestal Mendoza concession. This information was confirmed by OSINFOR, the forest monitoring agency. Images courtesy of Global Forest Watch/Planet.